In 1947, John Dewey, America’s premier philosopher, educator, and public intellectual lost the manuscript for what would have been his final book. The work was mentioned frequently in his letters but, until now, its content has remained the object of speculation. Almost sixty-five years later, we now have a draft of the intended book. In Unmodern Philosophy and Modern Philosophy, Dewey provides a naturalistic, functional model of humanity as emotional, inquiring, and purposive organisms embedded in a natural and cultural environment.